ANALYSIS OF LEADING SECTOR LINKAGES IN THE PURWOMANGGUNG AREA

Abstract


INTRODUCTION
The central government grants regional autonomy and empowers autonomous regions with rights, powers, and responsibilities to develop their own regions.
Economic development led by the government must go through growth and change because the purpose of economic development is to stimulate the economic growth of the community while at the same time changing the community's economy so that regional income increases.The increase in total community income that occurs in the region is essentially an increase in each additional amount known as regional economic growth, (Tarigan, 2005).This is in accordance with the concept of developing growth centers in the regions that can create a regional system and encourage communities around growth centers to develop, which is in line with the authority given by the central government to empower local governments with the aim of encouraging regional development.
Central Java has the weakest average growth rate among Java provinces from 2012 to 2021.As a result, the province of Central Java  Source: BPS data processed, (2022) Based on these data, it can be seen that the Purwomanggung area is good from the results of the average number of GRDP and the average growth rate is still relatively low compared to other regions.Inter-regional cooperation in the Purwomanggung area, which is currently ineffective and inefficient, can have an impact on this.The lack of connection across areas will have an impact on the Purwomanggung area's economic growth.
A development approach to regional development can be carried out by designating specific cities or regions as growth centers.The growth center is a way to encourage and facilitate development in order to improve people's well-being, (Pratiwi, 2017).Geographically, Magelang City is located in the center of Java Island, at the  A region's function as a growth center can be a center of economic activity and encourage other regions to develop, (Putra et al., 2017) In planning for development and increasing a region's economic growth, attention is currently being paid not only to the regional economy in general, but also to efforts to identify leading sectors.In this case, the leading sector is the base sector, which can provide a steady stream of income into a region's economy, (Wiguna & Budhi, 2016).
Regional synergy is an important factor for regions that have advantages in specific sectors.Inter-regional cooperation patterns that boost productivity will encourage income and economic growth convergence, (Dekiawan & Asmarawati, 2017).
Economic development that leads to growth is always initiated at a regional level.
This proves that spatially, regional aspects are very important for the economic development of a country, (Ascani et al., 2012).Spatial linkages are relationships that occur because of interactions between regions.The magnitude of inter-regional linkages can vary depending on the intensity and quality of the interaction.One of the influencing factors is the location of an area relative to other regions (neighbors), (Ode et al., 2019).
The existence of inter-regional dependence causes what happens in one area to affect other regions so that it can encourage interaction and cooperation between regions in increasing regional economic growth and encouraging regions to develop.In the spatial domain, the closer the distance between regions, the stronger the interaction, (Tobler, 1970).Thus, there should be a complementary relationship between districts/cities, (Akai et al., 2007).Putra et al., (2017)

THEORETICAL BASIS
Regional Economic Growth Regional economics does not discuss individual activities but rather analyzes a region or part of a region as a whole, or looks at individual regions with diverse potentials and how to formulate policies that can accelerate economic growth in the region as a whole.
Regional economic growth theory considers a region as an open system linked to other regions through the flow of factors of production and commodity exchange.A region's economic growth will affect the growth of other regions in the form of a sector's demand for other regions, which will have an impact on encouraging the region's development.
An economy is said to be growing if the level of economic activity increases or exceeds the previous year.In other words, growth will occur only if the amount of physical goods and services produced by the economy increases in subsequent years, (Sukirno, 2004).Economic growth can indicate how successful a region's economic development is in people's lives, so it is critical to calculate economic growth.

Regional Economic Growth Theory
Several theories of regional economic activities can help to drive regional economic growth, (Tarigan, 2007).
According to Douglas C. North's (1955) theory of the export base model, a region's level of competitive advantage has a significant impact on its economic growth.
Economic growth in a region will increase if it can support output growth in competitive sectors as a basis for export operations, (Sjafrizal, 2012).

b. Interregional Growth Model
The inclusion of exogenous factors in this model broadens the export basis theory.
This model takes into account the impact of neighboring regions, and it is assumed that, in addition to exporting government spending and investment, the region is also exogenous, and the region is linked to a system composed of several closely related regions.
Changes in regional income in the interregional growth model can result from 1) changes in regional autonomy spending This means that with the same capital investment, these sectors can provide more added value, produce in less time, and contribute significantly to the economy.

Leading Sector Theory
The base sector is a leading sector owned by each region.Leading sectors can be seen or determined by where the region has a leading sector in its territory, and competitive advantage, namely the region's ability to encourage the economic sector to be competitive and of course provide added value that can encourage the region to become more developed (Weliza et al., 2022).
According to Wiguna & Budhi (2016) the leading sector is often expressed by the base sector owned by each district/city, where the sector has an export function and can continue to be developed so that there is no demand limitation.The base sector can be used as a basis for developing the region, with the leading sector being selected from the existing base sector in each district/city.This leading sector is expected to be able to boost the economy and absorb a large number of workers.
The sectors that have advantages have the following characteristics: 1) Sectors with high growth rates 2) Sectors that have a relatively large distribution rate 3) Sectors that have high inter-sectoral linkages both forward and backward.4) A sector capable of creating high added value.

Spatial Interaction
Interaction can be described as a mutually beneficial relationship between two parties.The pattern and intensity of interaction between two or more regions is strongly influenced by the natural and social conditions of the region and the ease with which the relationship between the two regions can accelerate.In Yunus (2010), Edward Ullman discusses spatial interactions, specifically spatial interactions that concentrate on regional interdependence and the movement of commodities, goods, people, information, and other things in interacting areas.
Since not all regions are able to meet their own demands, this interaction can occur.
Because it has linkages and interrelationships between settlement centers that are getting bigger so that diversification is formed as a regional development process, interaction is one of the regional development processes, (Rondinelli & Ruddle, 1977).
Spatial linkages are interactions between regions that result in relationships.

Types of Research
This study uses quantitative methods.
Quantitative research methods are methods used to answer research questions related to data in the form of numerical and statistical procedures.

Collecting
The secondary data used in this study are data for the period 2012-2021 sourced from the Central Java Statistics Agency (BPS), Purworejo Regency BPS, Wonosobo Regency BPS, Magelang Regency BPS, Temanggung Regency BPS, and Magelang City BPS.

Data Analysis Technique
This study uses several analytical tools, namely: 1. Shift Share Analysis Shift share analysis is used with the aim of seeing differences and comparing sectoral (industry) growth rates in a narrower area known as regional, a wider area known as national, (Tarigan, 2005).When a region has a slow growing number of sectors, the growth of that sector as a whole will be slow.This comes as a result of faster growth in other regions, (M.F. Putra, 2011).

Moran Index
The Moran index is a statistical test to measure the spatial autocorrelation scale, which is used to determine the location of the spatial autocorrelation or spatial grouping.This method was developed to define and describe the spatial distribution, as well as to determine the concentration points (clusters/hot spots) and outliers, (Suchaini, 2013).

Construction Sector
The Moran index value for the construction sector is -0.4594 and the Z-value is -0.9086.

Suggestion
The findings of this study may be used by policy makers to help the Purwomanggung area achieve greater economic growth.The results of this study are expected to be used as material for studying economics, especially regional economics.It is hoped that future researchers can conduct additional research using newer data.
are divided into two axes based on physical and geographical conditions, namely the northern development axis covering Bregasmalang -Petanglong -Kedungsepur -Wanarakuti -Banglor, which is carried out by accelerating development to reduce regional economic inequality, and the southern development axis, which stretches from Barlingmascakeb -Purwomanggung -Subosukawonosraten, which is developed through increased development so that its development can improve the economy of Central Java.
crossroads of the main transportation and economic routes in Central Java Province, which are Semarang-Magelang-Yogyakarta and Purworejo-Temanggung-Wonosobo.This is what makes Magelang City a strategic area as a center for economic growth in the Purwomanggung Region.

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.Average GRDP Contribution of Purwomanggung Area by Regency/City in 2012-2021 Source: BPS data processed, (2022) growth and development, particularly those closely related to this research, will be presented, including: a) Export Basis Theory; economic base theory, the rate of economic growth in a region is determined by the size of the region's export growth.Economic activities are classified into two types: base activities and non-base activities.The outcomes of base changes in the income of a region or several other regions that are part of a system will show changes due to exports; and 3) changes in one or more model parameters (marginal consumption boost, interregional trade coefficient, or marginal tax rate),(Tarigan, 2005).c.Synergized Fast Track Growth Samuelson proposed the fast rack growth theory (turnpike) in 1955.According to this theory, each country/region should consider which sectors/commodities have high potential and can be developed in a relatively short period of time, both due to natural potential and because these sectors have a competitive advantage to develop.
varies according to the intensity and quality of interactions.The location of a region in relation to other regions is one of the influencing factors (neighbors).When compared to areas located further away, the closer an area is to other areas, the greater the level of interaction, (Ode et al., 2019).Spatial linkage refers to spatial data linkages that form three spatial patterns, namely cluster pattern (some regions form a group and are close to each other), dispersed pattern (each area is evenly located and far apart from other areas), and random patterns (some areas are located randomly in several locations and the position of one area is not affected by the position of other areas).When the spatial linkages are positive, cluster patterns form, while negative linkages form

The
Moran is used to see and determine the location of spatial groupings or spatial autocorrelation between regencies/cities in the Purwomanggung area.Moran's index is measured using the formula: 1. Negative spatial autocorrelation is indicated by a value of -1 ≤ I ≤ 0, while positive spatial autocorrelation is indicated by a value of 0 ≤ I ≤ 1.At level = 5%, spatial autocorrelation can be declared significant if the value Z(I) less than -1.96 or greater than 1.96.GeoDa software is used to analyze the Moran index in this study, and is used to display the LISA Cluster Map.Based on the dominant leading sector, trade, electricity and gas procurement, real estate, water supply; waste management, waste and recycling, construction, and mining and quarrying are the seven sectors with competitive advantages.Of these sectors, the sectors of agriculture, construction, and trade and retail are the three sectors that have the greatest value.4. Magelang City Magelang City has a competitive advantage in six sectors.Construction, agriculture, wholesale and retail trade, water supply; waste management, waste and recycling, real estate, and electricity and gas procurement are the six sectors with competitive advantages.The three sectors that have the greatest value are construction, trade and retail, activities and other services are the ten sectors in Temanggung Regency that have competitive advantages.Of these sectors, agriculture, information and communication, as well as transportation and warehousing are the three sectors that have the greatest value.Moran Index In this study, the analysis of the Moran index is focused on indicators of economic growth in the dominant sectors based on the results of the Shift Share calculation by looking at the value of Dij and Cij in the Regency/City in the Purwomanggung area.1.Agriculture SectorIn the agricultural sector, the Moran index value is -0.3499 with a Z-value of -0

Figure 3 .
Figure 3. LISA Cluster Map of Regency/City Agricultural Sector in Purwomanggung Area Source: Data processed, (2022) There is a pattern of High-High and Low-High spatial correlation, as shown in the LISA Cluster Map above.High-High is characterized as having a positive autocorrelation since the observed value of the agricultural sector in the region is high and it is surrounded by areas with high agricultural sector values.In the image above, the resulting visual display is displayed in dark red and depicts Magelang Regency.The proportion of This shows that the overall geographical spatial relationship of districts/cities in the construction sector in the Purwomanggung area of Central Java is negative (tends to spread) and is not significant.The LISA Cluster Map in Figure4illustrates the findings of the Local Indicator of Spatial Autocorrelation (LISA) test on the spatial relationship of the sectors of each construction district/city with adjacent districts/cities in the Purwomanggung area.

Figure 5 .
Figure 5. LISA Cluster Map of Wholesale and Retail Sector in Purwomanggung AreaSource:Data processed, (2022) findings of the regression study, the construction industry in the City of Magelang has an impact on the economic growth of the Magelang Regency.The city of Magelang, as a growing centre in the Purwomanggung area, is geographically located in the core of Magelang regency, allowing for interaction between the two areas in a variety of industries, including the building industry.Lestari & Destianingsih's, (2021) research discovered a high density of building construction in the middle of the city along the main road, particularly in the form of shopping areas and buildings supporting the socioeconomic activities of the people of Magelang City and its surroundings, particularly Magelang Regency.3. Wholesale and Retail Trade Sector According to the findings of the regression study, the wholesale and retail trade sectors in Magelang Regency and Magelang City had an impact on economic growth in Purworejo Regency.It impacts the economic growth of Wonosobo Regency, as well as the wholesale and retail trade sectors of Purworejo Regency, Magelang, and Magelang City.Purworejo, Wonosobo, Magelang, and Magelang City are geographically near and physically neighboring.Furthermore, because these four places are on the way to Semarang -Magelang -Yogyakarta -Purworejo dan Wonosobo -Temanggung -Magelang, which have denser commercial activity, the inhabitants in these four regions have fairly high mobility.As a result, these four locations are encouraged to engage with one another and may become viable places for economic activity in the trade sector.Also, wouldn't rule out the possibility of increasing your trading market share.CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS Conclusions There are three competitive leading sectors that dominate in the Purwomanggung area, namely the agricultural sector, the construction sector, and the wholesale and retail trade sector.Based on the dominant leading sector, in general, districts/cities in the Purwomanggung area have low spatial linkages.This is indicated by the results of the Moran index value which is still away from the value (+) 1.The low value of the relationship between districts/cities the Purwomanggung area (based on the dominant dominant sector) results in the least number of spatial linkage patterns that make up the special pattern that has a Hot-Spot value (high -high).On the other hand, a random pattern dominates all regency/cities in Purwomanggung area in the three dominant leading sectors.This can be interpreted that in general the inter-regional linkages in the Purwomanggung area are still low.According to the regression study performed to determine the effect of the dominating district/city superior sector on regional economic growth with spatial links, the wholesale and retail trade sectors from Magelang Regency and Magelang City affect economic growth in Kab.Purworejo.The agriculture sector from Kab. Purworejo, as well as the wholesale and retail commerce sectors from Kab. Purworejo, Kab.Magelang, and the City of Magelang, impact district economic growth in Wonosobo.Magelang Regency's economic growth is affected by Magelang City's building sector.

Table 1 .
Average Growth in The Southern Part of Central Java Province in 2012-2021 =   +   + share analysis is carried out to identify and classify sectors in the Purwomanggung area that have competitive advantages and specialization.Shift Share formula:

Table 1 .
Dominant Competitive Leading Sector Influence Matrix